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Legal origins theory
Legal origins theory is a view which grew out of leximetrics studies. It argued that many aspects of a country's economic state of development are the result of their legal system, most of all where a particular country received its law from. The first papers on the theory were published from 1997 onwards by a group of economists and financial researchers around Andrei Shleifer.
==Theory==
Since, historically, most countries received their law through colonial transplantation, law is considered to be exogenous to the analysis. Some economists have thus classified countries on whether they adhere to common law or whether their legal system is based on French civil law, German civil law or Scandinavian civil law. These economists have done empirical research finding correlations between economic indicators and that classification.
The basic thrust of the theory is that common law, as opposed to French civil law and (to a lesser extent) German and Scandinavian civil law, is associated with more orientation towards institutions of the market (instead of state intervention), which is why, according to proponents of the legal origins theory, common law countries tend to be economically more developed.
While the theory originally started out in corporate law, where common law was found to be correlated with better shareholder protection and more developed financial markets, the theory has in the meantime been extended to many other fields, such as whether or not a country is likely to have military service (common law countries are least likely to).
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